R. Fraley

Gallery

Browse by category.

A selection of images from the Gallery, organized by category. Each image links to a dedicated page with more photos and details about the subject. The categories below represent a range of organisms and landscapes, showcasing the diversity of life and environments captured in the Gallery.

Cinnabar Cushions in a Lichen Garden
Cinnabar Cushions in a Lichen Garden
Clusters of Peniophora rufa forming cinnabar cushions among foliose and crustose lichens on oak bark.

Rain Held Close
Macros
A quiet world distilled into droplets.

Lichens

This section highlights a small group of visually distinctive and ecologically representative lichens that serve as reliable entry points for identification and comparison. Each species is common enough to encounter, distinctive enough to recognize with practice, and well-documented in the Gallery and Field Notes.

Physcia and Sunburst Interaction Physcia and Sunburst Interaction
Gray foliose *Physcia* species partially overlapped by vivid Hooded Sunburst.

Hooded Sunburst Hooded Sunburst
Xanthomendoza fallax
A vivid orange foliose lichen with frequent apothecia, anchoring color-based identification.

Mealy Shadow on Northern Red Oak Mealy Shadow on Northern Red Oak
Broad gray rosette crowded with brown apothecia
Numerous brown apothecia are scattered across the lobes, while sparse laminal soredia appear as pale granular patches on the upper surface.

Powdery Shield Powdery Shield
Physcia millegrana
A compact foliose lichen with a matte, powder-dusted surface, defined by abundant soredia rather than prominent apothecia.

Common Greenshield Common Greenshield
Flavoparmelia caperata
A large, pale foliose lichen of mature hardwood bark, establishing scale, lobe structure, and laminal apothecia.

Rough Speckled Shield Rough Speckled Shield
Punctelia rudecta
A broad foliose shield marked by punctate pseudocyphellae, introducing surface texture as a key diagnostic feature.


Field Notes

Lichen Field Notes
Lichen Field Notes
Identification details, growth forms, and diagnostic features.
Species-level observations focus on growth form, surface features, and substrates, supporting accurate identification alongside the Gallery images.